Biblical Gender Roles Of The Family And Church - 775 Words

Wyatt Horne Apologetics Mr. Garris 9 February 2015 Biblical Gender Roles The question of gender roles, specifically in the family and church, often come up in modern day society. Who should have leadership in the home? Who should lead in the church? Egalitarians hold the belief that men and women should have the same roles and are equal in their abilities and obligations, which is the widely held belief of the feminist movement. On the other hand, complementarians hold the belief that there should be different gender roles held in the church and in the family. God created specific gender roles for men and women to distinguish them from one another. Men and women differ in their roles because God created man first: â€Å"Then the LORD God formed the man of dust from the ground and breathed the breath of life, and the man became a living creature.†/And the rib that the LORD God had taken from the man he made into a woman and brought her to man† (Genesis 2:7, 22). There is extreme significance in the fact that man was creat ed before woman. During the time period that Genesis was written, the firstborn child had certain authority over the succeeding children (give examples), just like that of Adam and Eve:), â€Å"For Adam was formed first, then Eve† (1 Timothy 2:13). God formed Adam to be the leader of the two in the garden. God has created man to be accountable for his wife. â€Å"But the LORD God called to the man and said to him, ‘Where are you?’...‘Who told you that you were naked?Show MoreRelatedSusan T. Foh s The Christian Faith865 Words   |  4 Pagesin function with male headship in the home and in the Church. This view of gender roles is drawn from Biblical interpretations and emphasizes the equality as well as the valuable dissimilarities of men and women. Susan T. Foh, a Christian author, has redefined the concept of complementarity in her own terms, coining the phrase ontologically equal, but functionally subordinate (Foh, 391). Her interpretation also comes di rectly from Biblical sources, but the meaning behind her careful phrasing doesRead MoreThe Rights of Women in the Middle Ages1154 Words   |  5 Pagescommunities, men are superior to women. Women’s rights have been a popular topic of conversation today. People all around the world are striving to bring equal rights to the genders. Gender equality is where men and women are represented equally. It doesnt mean that both genders are the same but rather the same value; thus both genders should be given equal treatment. In the fight for equal rights, many feminists have pointed to the Middle Ages as an example of where men are superior to women, and thatRead MoreThe Middle Ages Was A Great Era For Artists And They Produced Great Artistic Works That?1576 Words   |  7 Pagesmetalwork. The middle Ages was a great era for artists and they produced great artistic works that Society: The middle ages were like a system of hierarchy where different people fit into different levels and a pyramid based on their family, strength, or gender. At the top of the pyramid was the king. He was the most important person in medieval society and was protected by his men and knights. The king ruled over many lands and gave part of his land to Lords. Next on the pyramid were the KnightsRead MoreGender Roles793 Words   |  4 PagesGender Roles Puritan and Early American society separated the male and women gender roles into two categories; men owned and undertook all the responsibilities while women were not allowed to posses anything leaving them with the job of keeping the household in order . Gender roles helped establish family structures due to the fact that families in the 1800’s were essentially the basis for all the institutions. For instants, institutions like the government, church, and the community relied on theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal988 Words   |  4 Pagesbut you can’t because you’re the same sex. For years this has been the struggle for many same sex couples. The same basic right to share your bond with your loved one for the rest of the world to see through paper and ring has been denied by law and church, until June of 2015. Some argue that they had the opportunity to combine in what is known as a civil union. But this type of marriage union only gives them legal protections as a couple but only on the state level. Which means no federal protectionsRead MoreBiblical And Contemporary Views Of Marriage And Family1618 Words   |  7 PagesBiblical and contemporary views of marriage and family Introduction In this postmodern society, it is not easy to establish a strong marriage and a strong family. One of the main reasons for this tendency is the changed view of marriage as a companionship grounded on individual s freedom and self-fulfillment rather than as a social institution designed to meet economic needs and provide a place for rearing children. However, as people tend to expect more personal freedom and fulfillment in theirRead MoreThe Role of the Holy Fool in the Context of Danish Cinema1580 Words   |  6 Pagesseparate sphere from â€Å"regular† fools due to their associations with Christ figures. Christian tradition speaks of many famous holy fools, from nameless monks who give up all of their worldly possessions to become closer to Jesus, to characters of Biblical renown, such as Saint Paul (Thomas 2009: 204). The depiction of a holy fool is undoubtedly influenced by the religious climate of a society. Traditionally, holy fools have been part of Roman Catholic and O rthodox faiths, where saints have traditionallyRead MoreThe Sociology Imagination : An Awareness Between Personal Experience1566 Words   |  7 Pagesculture, and how is my faith and culture reflected in my life? Sexuality is not often preached about from the pulpit on Sunday’s, and yet every single Church and religious organisation has a view on homosexuality and whether it is pleasing to God. The other day, I was asked what my view on homosexuality was, I said, â€Å"It is our job (the Church, and Christian’s) to love, and God’s is to judge.† Since this exchange, I have had a number of discussions with Christian’s on both sides of the debate, someRead MoreA Great Variety Of Gender Construction1568 Words   |  7 Pagesclass, we have seen a great variety of gender construction. Through centuries of gender divides, there have been women who created for themselves and that of their community new identities that not only grew local and worldwide attention, but have inspired historians for centuries. In the case of Malinche, she used her womanhood to secure her spot with Cortes, as he conquered and ruled over the Aztecs. Ursela de Jesus contributed to the Catholic church of her time, and made a new ideal for servantRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1670 Words   |  7 Pagesmonotheistic religions in the world, not only do these religions differ in spirituality, but the gender roles between males and females are quite different as well. In Islam, women are allowed to take on professions, in Christianity women were healed by Jesus and followers of Christ and in Judaism, women were looked to as spiritual leaders and housewives that made an extreme impact on their children. All roles were different among these women in these three religions, and they differ in so many more ways

The Effective Decision Essay - 2528 Words

The Effective Decision The Effective Decision - The Function of the Chief Executive At 60, John Neyland, the company president, decided he would retire before the mandatory retirement age of 65. He did not reveal his decision to anyone until he reached 62, and at this time he confided to his best friend and the most powerful board member that he would retire imminently. Mr. Neyland proposed that Bill Strong, Vice President, Administration, a very able and experienced executive, succeed him as president. Mr. Neylands friend vehemently opposed Bill Strongs candidacy, and forcefully argued that Margaret Wetherall, vice president of manufacturing, was the best qualified to be the new president. This case presents a situation†¦show more content†¦A successful succession process requires that the board members first define the question:  · Always view the problem from different perspectives.  · Each board member should have an independent point of view.  · Board members should be open-minded. Every board member should seek information and opinions from a variety of people to widen his frame of reference. Board members need to be active players in shaping the company, and one of their key responsibilities is to oversee the entire succession process. There has to be an effective management development program for the entire organization. Such a program should have the following characteristics:  · Stability - there should not be constant changes.  · Should be viewed as a fundamental element of the administration of the business.  · The program needs to be well understood by everyone throughout the organization.  · Comprehensive: it should form the basic personnel program for the whole company. It should not be designed to cover just the very top layer of management.  · It should track managers assignments, identify their development needs, and establish the career paths that will prepare them for higher responsibility. The board should be able to draw on information from the management development program to evaluate each manager in relation to the qualities that everyoneShow MoreRelatedDecision Making An Effective Decision1094 Words   |  5 PagesDecision-making is an important process. It can be a task, which needs a simple decision to be made or a difficult situation involving several issues. In difficult situations, there may be uncertainty and complexities, wherein there may be interrelated factors that could lead to high-risk consequences, the impact of the decision made could be very important. Every situation will have its own set of uncertainties and consequences. Interpersonal issues too come in the way of making an effective decisionRead MoreThe Importance Of Effective Decision Making868 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Effective Decision-Making Inadequate information, data, and knowledge. For rational decision-making to be accurate, reliable, and complete, information about various aspects of the problem under investigation is necessary. Possible future trends can be estimated with the help of such information. This facilitates rational decision-making. However, adequate and reliable information may not be available at the time of decision-making. As a result, the decisions may become defectiveRead MoreThe Decision Making More Effective991 Words   |  4 Pagescollaboration to make decision-making more effective. The top-down approach used in the past should be avoided to be replaced by an approach which keeps the executive team much more involved in daily operations. By utilizing the Team Development Process. â€Å"Team development is an educational process of continually reviewing and evaluating team functioning in order to identify and establish new and more effective ways of operating.† This is a six step pr ocess that is very effective and is a popular interventionRead MoreDeveloping Effective Decision Models1692 Words   |  7 PagesWeek 6 Page 1 Decision Models – Problem Analysis LDSP: 6720 – Developing Effective Decision Models July12, 2010 Week 2 Page 2 There are a number of different problem solving methods, techniques and styles, and the purpose of this paper is to review the analysis portion as it relates to the case study assigned to this week. Further, this paper will provide a critique to the solution of the case study problem which will include three distinctRead MoreBuilding Effective Decision Making Skills1524 Words   |  7 PagesBuilding Effective Decision-Making Skills When thinking about individuals that are highly successful, we usually associate their success, at least in part, to their effective decision making. Verman (2009) makes us understand that we use our decision-making skills to solve problems by choosing one plan of action from several possible alternatives. He went further and said decision making can be challenging, but nearly any decision involves some conflicts or dissatisfaction. The challenging part isRead MoreBuilding Effective Decision Making Skills989 Words   |  4 PagesBuilding Effective Decision Making Skills ( pg 26) 1. Carefully examine each of your three options. In what ways night each option affect the other parts of the organization? Option A Opting for lower grade material in a competitive market will come with serious backlashes. This option could negatively affect the company’s image, and reputation in the market. This would, inevitably, lead to loss of our position in the market. Moreover, since we are a company based on producing outdoor materialsRead MoreTools and Techniques: Effective Decision-Making1899 Words   |  8 PagesTechniques: Effective Decision-Making Organizations undergo the rigors of decision-making dilemmas nearly every day. Within these organizations, managers are expected to contribute their decision-making knowledge and skills to the process. Some organizations succeed and some fail in their decision-making attempts due to lack of quantitative and qualitative participation in the decision-making process. For an organization, having the necessary tools and techniques for decision-making is asRead MoreExamining an Effective Decision Making Tool Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesExamining an Effective Decision Making Tool What tools are available to assist teams in making a decision? In addition to creating an environment for effective decision making and reaching consensus on methods for making decisions as a team, there are tools that can assist teams in formulating and reaching decisions. Many of these tools were developed in the 1990s as companies working on improving quality and introducing self-managed team into the workplace. In decision-making there are manyRead MoreEffective Leadership, Decision Making And Ethical Management2782 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction This paper critically evaluates whether effective leadership, decision making and ethical management are linked together both in practice and in theory. In doing the evaluation, theory has been put into test against the practical professional examples. In today’s modern world, globalization of economies and advancement of technology have shortened the bridges between international communities. Hence, it has become imperative for the leaders to take into consideration the borderless economiesRead MoreDeveloping Effective Decision Models Essay examples2325 Words   |  10 PagesWeek 2 Page 1 Decision Models – Problem Categorization LDSP: 6720 – Developing Effective Decision Models June 14, 2010 Week 2 Page 2 There are a number of different problem solving methods, techniques and styles, and the purpose of this paper is to explore some of those differences. One can apply a systematic approach to problem solving, an emotional approach or an intuitive or ‘gut feel’ approach. Further, there are procedures and formulas

Euthanasia in Australia Essay Example For Students

Euthanasia in Australia Essay Euthanasia and the 1995 Rights of the Terminally Ill ActWhen we hear the phrase voluntary euthanasia people generally think of one of two things: the active termination of life at the patients or the Nazi extermination program of murder. Many people have beliefs about whether euthanasia is right or wrong, often without being able to define it clearly. Some people take an extreme view, while many fall somewhere between the two camps. The derivation means gentle and easy death coming from the Greek words, eu thanatos. Euthanasia was formerly called mercy killing, euthanasia means intentionally making someone die, rather than allowing that person to die naturally. Put bluntly, euthanasia means killing in the name of compassion. Euthanasia is often confused with physician-assisted suicide. Euthanasia is when one person does something that directly kills another. For example, a doctor gives a lethal injection to a patient. In assisted suicide, a non-suicidal person knowingly and intentionally provides the means or acts in some way to help a suicidal person kill himself or herself. For example, a doctor writes a prescription for poison, or someone hooks up a face mask and tubing to a canister of carbon monoxide and then instructs the suicidal person on how to push a lever so that shell be gassed to death. For all practical purposes, any distinction between euthanasia and assisted suicide has been abandoned today. Euthanasia in Australia (pre-1995)In the last decade or so several Australian states and territories have taken action aimed at guaranteeing the right of adult patients of sound mind to direct that extraordinary measures to prolong life be stopped. South Australia passed the Natural Death Act in 1983, Victoria the Medical Treatment Act in 1988, the Northern Territory the Natural Death Act in 1988 and the Australian Capital Territory passed the Medical Treatment Act in 1994. NSW issued interim guidelines in 1993. The afore-mentioned legislation covers the following:1) Refusal or withdrawal of current treatment. 2) Issuing a direction for refusal of certain treatment in the event that the patient becomes incompetent to make decisions. 3) Appointing an agent to make decisions on refusal of treatment in the event that the patient becomes incompetent to make decisions. Though these legislative guidelines deal with the rights of a patient to refuse current medical treatment, it is often doubted whether they make a considerable difference to medical practice. Even without the legislation, the right of patients to withhold consent to treatment was generally accepted. Suicide is legal in all Australian states and territories. If you want to kill yourself, you can do so. No one has any right to stop you, unless they can show adequate proof of insanity. Various popular books are available which even give details of reliable methods in which to end ones life. If a person says he/she wishes to die, and is not immobilised by disease, yet continues to remain alive, he/she is clearly not serious about wishing to die, but has expressed a false wish. However, some people who wish to commit suicide are incapacitated to such an extent that they would be unable to commit suicide without assistance. Killing a person in these circumstances can be described as voluntary euthanasia. Both mental and physical incapacity are relevant. Solutions, which have been proposed to address impediments preventing suicide, arising from various forms of incapacity, are listed below:1) A person is mentally competent but physically incapacitated. Euthanasia laws would provide for the person to issue a formal request to be killed, and make it legal for some other person to do the killing. 2) Person is mentally incompetent to make decisions:Euthanasia laws would provide for a person who is mentally competent to issue a formal request stipulating that if he/she becomes incompetent and terminally ill, he/she is to have their life terminated. Or, alternatively, provide for a person who is mentally competent to sign legally binding power of attorney giving some nominated third party the authority to make decisions on the persons behalf if the person becomes incompetent. This would include the authority to make a formal request that the person be killed, if in the agents opinion the circumstances render killing appropriate. Proposals for voluntary euthanasia always contain the following elements:1) A mechanism for ensuring that there is some good reason underlying a persons wish to be killed. 2) A mechanism for ensuring that the person really does wish to be killed. 3) A mechanism for carrying out the killing. 4) Protection from criminal prosecution for the third party involved. Three Australian states and territories have seriously considered euthanasia, in each case as a result of a private members Bill. Bills were introduced by Mr Moore in the ACT, Mr Perron in the NT, and Mr Quirke in SA. The legislative proposals all contained the following elements:1) Means for a person to make a request that he/she be killed. 2) Matters relating to knowledge the patient needs (i.e. information about health status and likelihood of recovery, as well as information on how to kill oneself). 3) Means for a doctor to officially state matters relating to the patients health status (i.e. that the patient is rational or of sound mind at the time of making the request for euthanasia, and that at the time the request is to be carried out the patient is suffering from an incurable disease causing great distress). Impact of Television Violence In Relation To Juvenile Delinquency Essay4) General moral, philosophical, ethical and social issuesProponents of voluntary euthanasia created argument based on individual rights, autonomy and choice. Those in favour of voluntary euthanasia maintained that the general public overwhelmingly support its legislation and that such a move would merely bring under stringent control and regulation what in reality is already happening in practice. Opponents of voluntary euthanasia based their arguments on the sanctity of life, religious beliefs, the slippery slope to involuntary euthanasia and the erosion of medical ethics. As soon as it is allowed that another person to be involved in the death of a fellow human the conclusion must be drawn that the life is not worth living. The concept of a life not worth living and justification of the involvement of a third party in taking that life challenges the very core of our notions of civilisation. As soon as such a concept takes hold within the psyche of our nation we will demean the value we place on human life. 5) Individual Rights and ChoiceThe individual rights and autonomy argument is at first glance persuasive. However even if one supports the principle of euthanasia the question needs to be asked: Can we sufficiently control the circumstances in which we would allow euthanasia?Individuals already have the unfettered right to abstain from medical treatment. Suicide is not a crime, although we as a community spend millions of dollars each year trying to counsel and dissuade the suicidal. The Rights of the Terminally Ill Act does not so much change the law for the patient as it changes the law for the third party (the doctor). What should be illegal for the doctor became legal under the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act. This had the potential to fundamentally alter the doctor/patient relationship. Ultimately, a new right is given to doctors to terminate the lives of those who are suicidal and terminally ill. To describe this as providing a right to die is not logical. 6) The Dignity of DeathThis controversial description in support of euthanasia is in fact insensitive and derogatory. The dignity or otherwise of a death is not to be determined by the physical circumstances or degree of pain in which the patient finds themselves. With very few exceptions, pro-euthanasia groups dealt with the term dignity as a particular physical circumstance and described it as living or dying in such circumstances as involving a loss of dignity. These circumstances more often than not included loss of continence and mobility. This approach, in referring to various physical circumstances, consistently dealt with circumstances where the person had taken on certain disabilities and described such circumstances as involving a loss of dignity. A disturbing equation is thus drawn between having dignity and being without disability. The term has been used as though there is a loss of dignity if somebody who was previously without disability takes on a disability in the course of a terminal illness. Whilst it was those concerned about the impact on people with disabilities who have highlighted this issue it needs to be noted that the impact is even broader. Any notion that those who choose the path of natural death or those who choose to live with disabilities are in some way taking the less dignified path should be detestable to any caring society. Unfortunately, this attitude that dying with dignity demands that life ends before such circumstances, carries a message, which only serves to demean those who live in such circumstances. 7) Safe-guardingMost supporters of euthanasia do not see it as an absolute right. As such it is by definition only available to those individuals who have been deemed to be in such circumstances as to be considered better off dead. Whilst it is understandable that a patient may come to such a conclusion, a third party would also need to arrive at such a conclusion and then be prepared to act upon that view, by administering or providing a substance with the intention of ending the patients life. The potential for guilt feelings for being a burden or too costly to those of the community who are in difficult circumstances, may become such that they perceive a subtle duty on them to exercise the euthanasia option. The choice may well become a perceived duty. This is especially so when considered in the context of comments by those such as former Governor General, Hon Bill Haydens comments that there is a point when the succeeding generations deserve to be disencumbered -to coin a clumsy word of some unproductive burdens. ConclusionIn recent years euthanasia has become a very contentious topic. The Greek means easy death, yet the controversy surrounding it is just the opposite. Whether the issue is refusing to prolong life mechanically, assisting suicide or active euthanasia, we eventually have to confront societies fears towards death itself. Above all culture cultivates fear against ageing, death, and dying, and it is not easy for people to except that it is an inevitable part of life. However, the issues that surround euthanasia are not only about death and dying but are also about rights, liberty, privacy and control over ones body. So the question remains: who has the right?

My Ideal Leader free essay sample

There are many characteristics and qualities that come to mind when I consider the leaders in my life and the influence that they have had on my values, skills and knowledge of what makes an affective leader. In bringing together their various characteristics and qualities, I have a portrait of what an ideal leader can and should be (MoMIL [Mr. Or Mrs. Ideal Leader]). Characteristics and traits such as honesty and integrity, achievement and dependability, empathy and care instill a sense of respect. Vision, teaching skills, coaching skills, patience, drive, support, motivation, listener, and a team building; inspire individuals to grow personally and to bring individuals together collectively. In comparing MoMIL to Coveys principle-centered leader (1991) and Danzigs nine leadership powers (1998), MoMIL has many similarities. Respect is the first word that comes to mind when thinking about MoMIL [for convenience he/she will be referred to as he]. MoMIL is an honest person, solid family values, likable, and well rounded. We will write a custom essay sample on My Ideal Leader or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page MoMIL is a self-made person. Granted that he has grown up with many heroes in his own life and certainly has some innate positive characteristics still MoMIL doesnt settle for where he is at, and he is constantly striving for betterment. MoMIL would fit into the learned leader category of Maxwells four developmental level categories. (1993, p. 1). I think being a learned leader has added to MoMILs respect. Partly because of the if he can do it, I can do it too attitude, and mostly because it allows others to see what a person can make of himself. MoMIL has achieved incredible things in all aspects of his life and still is not resting on his laurels. MoMIL, by putting time and energy into focusing on values, personal goals, and outlook on life, has become a dependable and constantly growing person. MoMIL genuinely cares for himself and in turn MoMIL genuinely cares for each individual; he likes people. He is almost always seen with a smile, always with some words to share or a listening ear, depending on what is needed. (MoMIL is very intuitive in knowing what each individual needs at any given time). To MoMIL, each individual is not just another piece of the unit, but each individual is a person with their own thoughts, feelings, skill sets and goals, and MoMIL cares about knowing them and helping them in any way he can. MoMIL wants each individual to enjoy and thrive in all situations that life brings. By walking the talk he helps show people the importance of a self-vision and personal goals. He works one on one or in group settings, teaching various necessary and applicable skills, but regardless of who the people are or what the topic is, values and goals are always being taught. MoMIL is a teacher, a coach and a whip if need be. He knows what is best for an individual; seemingly better then the individual himself. He has incredible patience and knows that things take work and time to come to fruition. At the same time he has a drive to make sure these values and goals indeed come to fruition. MoMIL is supportive of individuals and where they are at any given time or day; he knows how to reach them where they are and prod them along a path to betterment. He can motivate with a speech, a well-spoken thought, or just a facial expression, but mostly he motivates with his own passion and hard work. MoMIL is a listener and one can learn how to listen from watching him. MoMIL searches out constructive feedback and always has an ear open for a new creative idea. He uses all of these traits and characteristics to draw people together and to work collaboratively and build a team. In comparing MoMIL to Coveys principle-centered leader (1991) and Danzigs nine leadership powers (1998), MoMIL has many similarities. Stephen Covey lists eight characteristics of people whom he labeled principle-centered leaders. Covey emphasized the importance of personal and professional relationships in order to create, as MoMIL does, a well-rounded, rewarding, and effective life. Continually learning and growing, a sense of responsibility and service, radiating positive energy, believing in the unseen potential of people, leading a balanced life, savoring life, synergistic, and exercise for self-renewal, all of these describe MoMIL. The only emphasis that need be added is while again MoMIL is synergistic and believes in collaboration and working together, Coveys definition of the whole equaling more then the sum of the parts leaves out MoMILs firm belief in an almost unending potential in each individual. (1991, p. 3,4). Danzig lists nine innate leadership powers: quality, innovation, inspiration, perseverance, passion, character, charisma, energy, and enthusiasm. These, like Coveys characteristics well describe MoMIL. The only differences being charisma, if one first met MoMIL they may think that he is very nice guy , it is only after seeing and experiencing MoMIL day to day, and being affected by his energy, values, and ideas that one then calls him charismatic. (1998, p. xixi). MoMIL, the compilation of the leaders in my life, has earned a great respect from those he comes into contact with.

Media Reaction Paper

Media Reaction Paper Even with the hundreds of cable stations there are today, it is not easy to find a TV show that truly promotes tolerance and diversity the way Sesame Street does. This paper will illustrate why Sesame Street is so unique when it comes to topics of culture. Specifically, the paper will explain how it attempts to address diversity represented in the American landscape. It will also address to what extent the media relies on stereotypes when depicting a certain group. Lastly, an assessment will be made on whether or not the author believes the television show fosters a better understanding of diversity and multiculturalism.Sesame Street BackgroundMost American that were brought up during or after the 1970's are not just familiar with Sesame Street, but probably grew up on it when they were in preschool. Sesame was originally created to help inner-city children tools to help with their education via the most popular media method - TV.Mr. Johnson (Sesame Street)It is today one of the most influential children's' educational programs, imbedding themes of cultural diversity, sharing, and building self-esteem through puppets, actors, humor, song and dance, and real life situations they can understand. One of the five goals of the show is listed in the PBS website as "encouraging children to appreciate cultural diversity by modeling people who differ in appearance, action, or point of view playing together, working together, making friends, and resolving conflicts." (PBS, 2003-2007)Addressing DiversityLooking at the appearance of the neighborhood of "Sesame Street," it is set in a brownstone architecture looking like New York City, with different types of muppets and people living there, which is very similar to the melting pot of cultures in the real life NYC. They showed all walks of life living there: African-Americans, disabled people, Native Americans, young people, senior...

All About Paraître

All About Paraà ®tre Paraà ®tre is a very common and useful French verb that means to look/appear/seem. It is irregular in conjunction and can be used impersonally. Examples ofParatre in Use   Paraà ®tre can be followed by an adjective, infinitive, or prepositional phrase:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tu parais bien heureux  Ã‚  Ã‚  You look very happy  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cela paraà ®t à ªtre une erreur  Ã‚  Ã‚  That seems to be a mistake  Ã‚  Ã‚   Une lueur a paru dans ses yeux  Ã‚  Ã‚  A gleam appeared in his eyeParaà ®tre can also mean to make an appearance:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il na pas paru la rà ©union  Ã‚  Ã‚  He didnt appear (show up) at the meeting  Ã‚  Ã‚   Je dà ©teste paraà ®tre en public  Ã‚  Ã‚  I hate appearing in publicParaà ®tre is usually conjugated with avoir as its auxiliary verb in the compound tenses, except in the context of publishing, in which it is often conjugated with à ªtre:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cet article est paru mi-juin.  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article was published in mid-June.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Le nouveau Petit Larousse est paru.  Ã‚  Ã‚  The new (edition of) Le Petit Larousse is out. Using Il parat Il paraà ®t is an impersonal construction that means it seems in the global sense (like, they say or the word is) and can be followed by an adjective or a subordinate clause.1) Il paraà ®t adjective is followed by de infinitive, and may also be modifed by an indirect object pronoun:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il paraà ®t important dessayer  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems important to try  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il ne paraà ®t pas essentiel dy aller  Ã‚  Ã‚  It doesnt seem essential to go  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il me paraà ®t ridicule de courir  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems ridiculous to me to run  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il ne nous paraà ®t pas logique de faire à §a  Ã‚  Ã‚  To us it doesnt seem / We dont think its logical to do that2) Il paraà ®t que is followed by a subordinate clause in the indicative:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il paraà ®t quil va pleuvoir demain  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems like / They say its going to rain tomorrow  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il paraà ®t que nous devons refaire ce travail  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems / The word is that were going to have to redo th is work3) Il paraà ®t may be modified by an adjective before que, in which case the verb in the subordinate clause may be in the indicative or subjunctive, depending on what the adjective requires:*  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il paraà ®t important que tu le fasses seul  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems / Apparently its important that you do it alone  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il paraà ®t clair quon ne peut pas gagner  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems clear that we cant win*That is, if the expression would need the subjunctive without paraà ®t then it also needs it with paraà ®t: il est important que subjunctive, thus il paraà ®t important que subjunctive4) When il paraà ®t que is modifed by an indirect object pronoun, it is equivalent to it seems (to me, to us, etc):  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il me paraà ®t important que tu comprennes  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems to me that its important that you understand (I think its important for you to understand)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il nous paraà ®t sà »r quon va gagner  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems certain to us / We think its certain that were going to win  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il nous paraà ®t quil peut venir  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems to us / We think that it he can come5) Il ne paraà ®t pas que requires the subjunctive:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il ne paraà ®t pas quil vienne  Ã‚  Ã‚  It doesnt seem that hes coming; He doesnt seem to be coming  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il ne paraà ®t pas quon puisse gagner  Ã‚  Ã‚  It doesnt seem like we can win Expressions with paratre   Ã‚  Ã‚   ce quil paraà ®t - apparently  Ã‚  Ã‚   paraà ®t-il - apparently  Ã‚  Ã‚   il paraà ®t que oui - so it seems  Ã‚  Ã‚   il paraà ®t que non - apparently not Conjugations   Ã‚  Ã‚  je parais  Ã‚  Ã‚  tu   parais  Ã‚  Ã‚  il paraà ®t  Ã‚  Ã‚  nous   paraissons  Ã‚  Ã‚  vous   paraissez  Ã‚  Ã‚  ils   paraissent

Development Of African Historiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Development Of African Historiography - Essay Example The historians, mostly hailing from European nations, who relied on material and tangible discoveries as the only sources of information about the early life of any culture, classified the world into â€Å"civilizations† based on an inappropriate definition of the term referring only to societies that left evidences of complex social and cultural systems with a centralized authority that controlled labor, wealth, military forces and commissioned the construction of cities and towns and other public buildings, as well as works of ‘monumental’ art. (Ehret)This approach led to a distinction between different cultures around the world on the basis of intelligence that was measured mostly from written texts that could be translated and could provide a vision into the life of the early people, dismissing the rest of the world as ‘uncivilized’ and ‘unintelligent’ (Ehret) Such attitudes assisted the slave traders in undermining the humanity of the African people, looking down upon their traditional values as ‘primitive’, their ethnic communities as ‘tribes’, their nation as a ‘race’. (Ehret 4-9)These terms though originally meaning nothing degrading have come to be associated with ideas denoting a distinction from what is considered to be ordinary and accepted in a ‘civilized’ society and consequently such dismissals prevented the historians of that time to investigate events that accounted for African history. Thus the rich cultural life of a huge percentage of the population of the world has been left undiscovered due to the limiting beliefs and predetermined superiority of smaller class. Historians today, however, have understood the implications of such an error and have made efforts to develop unique research methodologies for investigating past events through mainly Oral Tradition and Archeology as well as other interesting sources such as genetics, linguistics, and botany.

International Financial Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

International Financial Management - Assignment Example In the case of UVA Company, it can take the same measures (buy futures contract or buy at spot rates) but this time, it should take a long position in the Thai baht since this is the currency of reckoning (revenues and expenses are measured in baht). In the case of Albany Corporation, it should take a long position in Australian dollars by buying this currency either at spot rates or by using the futures contract by which it will lock in the Australian dollar price at a predetermined rate but undertake for its delivery by payment at a later date. Economies of scale pertain to the cost advantages obtained by a business enterprise due to its size, output volume, or scale of operations (using subsidiaries and joint ventures in foreign countries) and a large percentage of its annual revenues are earned from these foreign markets. When a multinational corporation restructures to reduce its economic (or operating) exposure, it will necessarily have to reduce or let go of some of its subsidiaries as these are the sources of its economic exposure mainly from unexpected currency exchange rate risks. Its economies of scale are lost once it draws back from foreign markets (Madura

Music and Tourism in Scotland Essay Example for Free

Music and Tourism in Scotland Essay Scottish Tourism bloomed in the 1990s due to major cultural changes in society. Scotland began to create a new identity through the use of media that promoted the social and cultural attributes of the country. Scotland’s home-grown artists were used as a voice at the forefront of the promotion of Scotland’s culture and heritage to world tourism. My essay will consider a range of issues surrounding the relationship between Scottish tourism and the development of Scottish music during the 1990s. It will consider the artists and songs that played a key role in the development of Scotland’s national identity through outlining particular advertising campaigns used to promote for Scottish tourism. My essay will also discuss the future plans for Scottish Tourism and how music will be part of them. Scottish Music and Scottish Tourism Tourism contributes an enormous part of the economy in Scotland – boasting a visitor spend of approximately  £4b per year. As a tourist destination, Scotland boasts idyllic opportunities for its visitors such as the hillwalking the Munro Mountains, fishing the River Tay, immersing in the history of Edinburgh or Stirling and admiring the cultural diversities of Glasgow. These opportunities are realised and exploited by Government body: Creative Scotland, which was set up in 1993 and is dedicated to supporting the promotion of culture in Scotland on both national and international levels. Creative Scotland support the current Scottish Governments Corporate Plan, which promises: ‘To focus Government and public services on creating a more successful country, with opportunities for all of Scotland to flourish, through increasing sustainable economic growth.’ Scotland has developed an exceedingly strong worldwide reputation for its diverse culture and is continuing to do so by championing music and the arts through large scale events and festivals such as Celtic Connections, a relatively new festival of traditional Scottish music which is exclusively held across a number of high-profile venues in Glasgow including the flagship Glasgow Royal Concert Hall which was opened as part of the cultural renaissance of Glasgow in 1990 with Glasgow becoming a European City of Culture in 1990. The formation of this festival alone has increased global interest from its multiple televised broadcasts on BBC and HD and a promotional tour to Chicago in 2012 during the Ryder Cup at the nearby Merdinah Country Club. Another notable festival is T in the Park which is sponsored by Scottish Brewery; Tennents. Established in Glasgow in 1993, the festival will celebrate its 20th anniversary in 2013 and showcases international artists with a focus on new and established Scottish acts such as Scottish Band; Travis, who gained international recognition through performing at the festival from 1994 as an unsigned band and subsequently becoming a headlining act of the festival in 2000. The festival moved to Perthshire in 1997 and politicians in the area were united to promote ‘A Soundtrack for Scotland’s Tourism’, linking traditional music and tourism and diversifying the tourist industry. The festival attracts 85,000 people from all over Britain and in some cases worldwide, to Fife, Scotland, the festival has become: ‘One of the most important and critically acclaimed music events on the international festival circuit.’ The festival has been televised on BBC and footage of the festival includes shots of the backdrop landscape of Kinross and Fife regions. Promoting Scottish Nationalism and Tourism with Music in Sports Branding Branded produce from Scotland provided the tourism sector with an indirect source of advertising the heritage and culture of Scotland during the 1990s. Many advertising campaigns were televised; in particular for the alcohol industry, which used iconic songs synced with images of rural and urban Scottish landscapes which helped create an escapist image of Scotland. An example of this would be Tennents’ Lager, who used Dougie Maclean’s song Caledonia against the imagery of a grimy busy city with arrogant people compared to the contrasting escapist, social, warm and friendly atmosphere of a public house in Edinburgh The sense of nationalism and pride in the cultural diversity in Scotland went from strength to strength in the early 1990s. Scotland celebrated a period of excellence in sport on a global scale which also helped boost the number of visitors to the country. Although Scotland’s national football team failed to advance through the group stages of all the World Cup tournaments in the 1990s including Italy, USA and France respectively, Scotland’s national Rugby team celebrated international success, beating England 13-7 in the 1990 Five Nations Grand Slam. This event penned The Corries lament: ‘Flower of Scotland’ as the unofficial national anthem of Scotland, boosting the national pride and identity and has been used ever since at most sporting events. The song was written to: ‘Kindle a new awareness of what is being lost and what can be regained. Scotland’s resistance, not its defeat is stressed here.’ Another notable use of Scottish music for advertising Scottish Tourism is the 1997 television campaign which used The Silencers version of Wild Mountain Thyme, which is a traditional piece of music popularised by the particular advert which featured iconic scenes of Scotland’s rural landscapes, castles and activities such as travel, surfing and walking. The advert quoted Scottish Poet Norman MacCaig who wrote about Scotland: ‘Only mens minds could have unmapped into abstraction such a territory.’ Another song of note which relates to a worldwide audience and captures the picturesque imagery of Scottish landscapes would be Runrig’s version of the traditional Scots Lament; ‘Loch Lomond’, which was voted as Scotland’s best song by a reader poll in Scottish publication The List in 2008, beating Dignity by Deacon Blue, Caledonia by Dougie MacLean and 500 Miles by the Proclaimers, all of whom are regarded as Scottish Nationalist artists with Pete Wishart, Keyboardist of Runrig being elected as an SNP MP at Westminster in 2001. Conclusion The Future of Scottish Nationalism and Tourism Scotland’s culture and heritage will continue to grow in the tourism spotlight through the commitment of Creative Scotland and its relationship with VisitScotland which is evident from its goals: ‘Creative Scotland’s ambition is to see Scotland as one of the world’s most creative nations by 2020.’ An example of this commitment is apparent as 2012 is the ‘Year of Creative Scotland’ which continues the celebrations of Scottish culture and promotes it to the world through festivals such as the Sound Festival which will be held over October and November and aims to bring visitors to the North East areas of Scotland to enjoy alternative music of Scotland. The internet has increasingly become a major role in the promotion of Scotland’s live music events with internet website; www.visitscotland.co.uk, acting as the information and marketing gateway for prospective visitors to find information, link to external websites such as event homepages and furthermore, purchase event tickets directly with great ease. Glasgow will again become City Of Culture in 2014 and will host the Commonwealth Games and the Ryder Cup, which will be an ideal opportunity for sports and Scottish music to join forces once again.

Netflix SWOT Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

S.W.O.T. Analysis Strengths: ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix provides a subscription-style e-commerce service. Over 95% of customers pay at least $17.99 a month which includes unlimited rentals with up to three titles at a time. A comparably low monthly fee, allows Netflix to lead market share of online DVD rentals while competing with traditional brick and mortar rental stores. Meanwhile, Netflix might keep the customers who try the service and happy with it continue paying the monthly fee. Therefore, Netflix has fewer problems in predicting revenues. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix enjoys lower fixed costs due to the fact that it is an online DVD rental company. As an internet business, Netflix incurs less overhead costs than competitors such as Blockbuster, as well as having fewer employees to operate the physical locations, thus labor costs are greatly reduced. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix gives customers unlimited access to the largest selection of DVD?s. Netflix?s video library consists of over 45,000 titles, making their selection the worlds largest, beating out Blockbuster, Movie Gallery, and Hollywood Video. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With over 35 distribution centers across the United States, Netflix has the fastest delivery time of any online DVD rental company. Through the use of the United States Postal Service over 90% of DVD?s are received by customers within one day of ordering. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix?s easy to use website allows customers to browse the video library by category such as action, romance, drama (sixteen total categories) or by using a comprehensive internal search of the library. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix uses the technology of Cinematch to give customers even better service. Cinematch studies past selections made by members, and begins to recommend titles that would likely be enjoyed by the customer based on previous selections. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charging a monthly fee for unlimited rentals, Netflix eliminates due dates and late fees, as well as eliminating the long lines of a brick and mortar store. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix uses their great customer service to keep customers happy which intern keeps customers from canceling there subscription to the service. If there is a problem that arises during the rental process such as a damaged DVD, or lost DVD during the shipping process, Netflix addresses the problem immediately, and never charges the customer for the problem. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix was the first company to offer DVD renta... ...fering similar services, either directly or as a partnership with another organization.  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emerging competition from digital cable and satellite companies that offer movies on demand. Time Warner digital cable offers video on demand library consisting of a few hundred selections and growing. Users can purchase a movie with the touch of a button for about $4.00. Customers have access to the movie for up to 24hours. Many video on demand services are now offering technologies that allow users to pause, fast forward and rewind the movies they purchase. Though the selection offered by cable companies is extremely small in comparison to Netflix, it will only be a matter of time before the number of selections will increase drastically.  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a large number of substitute products. Netflix is in the business of providing personal entertainment at an affordable cost. Since any other form of entertainment is considered a substitute, Netflix?s industry is in direct competition with all other forms of entertainment, whether it be reading, physical exercise, regular television, etc. If trends in popular culture move away from those related to movies, revenues may be affected.

Romulus My Father Notes

Romulus My Father: Values & Belonging Romulus values education and learning, but sadly, only completed primary school. He is a tragic figure from the very beginning: 3: †¦ an inefficient postal service, however, prevented his application [for high school scholarship examinations] from arriving on time. He cried bitterly, not because of lost employment prospects, but because his love of learning would never be fulfilled.Romulus values European landscape – he does not find serenity, and does not belong to the landscape: 14: Though the landscape is one of rare beauty, to a European or English eye it seems desolate, and even after more than forty years my father could not become reconciled to it. He longed for the generous and soft European foliage, but the eucalypts of Baringhup, scraggy except for the noble red gums on the river bank, seemed symbols of deprivation and barrenness. In this he was typical of many of the immigrants whose eyes looked directly to the foliage and always turned away offended. 3: The peppercorns, to be found at almost every settlement in the area, were planted as though to mediate between local and European landscapes. 21: The Frogmore farmhouse is deplorable – it is not homely, or conducive to belonging and comfort: There was no electricity and no running water†¦ Rats lived under the house and occasionally bit us in bed†¦ Hora woke one night to find a large rat tugging at his elbow trying to make off with a piece of flesh. Large brown snakes came to eat the rats†¦Romulus values purposeful work but is belittled by menial labour as a new immigrant: another example of Romulus not belonging to the mediocrity of Australian culture: 16: ‘New Australians’†¦ were almost always given menial manual tasks†¦ In the case of my father, this unusually gifted man was set to work with a pick and shovel. He noted how incompetent some of the Australian tradesmen were, especially the welders, but not with resentment or anger, more with incredulous irony. He had long come to accept what fate ad dealt him and felt not resentment or indignation, or any other response which depended on the assumption that he was owed something better. 29: My father worked shifts at P&N, unable to avoid it because the foreman threatened to sack him if he did not do so. As a consequence, I spent many nights alone at Frogmore. Romulus values fatherhood. He has a nobility about him: 17: He and Hora worked alternate shifts so that one of them could always care for me. At his request, my father was transferred to a job cleaning the lavatories in the camp so that he could be near me. 4: Primitive though the house was, it made it possible for my father to keep me rather than to send me to a home, and it offered hope that our family might be reunited. 31: My father’s devoted care of me contrasted obviously with her neglect, and fuelled hostility toward her. Romulus values intimacy and his marriage and is crushed at Christine’s infidelity: 19: My father must have been heartbroken by his unfathomable, troubled, vivacious and unfaithful wife. Romulus values character: 101: Character – or karacter†¦ was the central moral concept for my father and Hora.It stood for a settled disposition for which it was possible rightly to admire someone†¦ Honesty, loyalty, courage, charity (taken as a preparedness to help others in need) and a capacity for hard work were the virtues most prized by the men and women I knew then. Romulus believes that life is short and full of suffering: 121: His sense of life is beautifully expressed in the ‘Prayer for the Dead’: ‘Man that is born of woman hath but a short time to live and is full of misery. He cometh up and is cut like a flower. He fleeth as it were a shadow and never continueth in one stay’.Those accents of sorrow and pity determined his sense of all other human beings as his fellow mortals, victims of fate and destined for suffering. They determined the quality of his deeply felt compassion in which all moral judgements were embedded. 172: Suffering ennobles†¦ Some kinds of wisdom, however, the kinds that show themselves not only in thoughts, but in the integrity of an authoritatively lived life – are given only to those who have suffered deep and long. His affliction gave authority to much of what my father said etcRomulus’ moral code – his sense of what is real and important was shattered after Lydia’s letter of rejection: 122: Only someone with an extraordinary sense of the reality of the ethical could be so shaken by a sense of evil, and my father was such a person. Vacek’s institutionalisation shows the danger of conformity: 143: †¦ police took him to the Ballarat psychiatric hospital†¦ over time he became dependent on institutional living so that, even when he was free to leave, he preferred to stay, and remained there f or the rest of his life.Here is an argument against belonging – belonging becomes a prison. Hora & Romulus enjoyed an enduring friendship†¦ Romulus remained a noble, heroic man despite his illness: 146: Hora knew that, despite his illness, there was still no one who remained as steadfast as my father in his disdain of superficialities, in his honesty and in his concern for others. Romulus believes in keeping one’s word at all costs – he pays for Lydia’s family to migrate: 149: Their fares were paid not by Lydia and her husband, but by my father.He had promised to do it years before, and it was inconceivable that he would go back on his word whatever Lydia had done to him and irrespective of whether her mother and her brother had been accomplices in her deception. Romulus values the truth and absolute honesty Romulus values being polite: 138: My father said that we should wait until a more suitable time before knocking at their door. This courtesy str uck me as incongruous with our purpose. Finish what you start – changing direction signifies an instability and weakness in character: 157: My father refused to let me go [to Melbourne High School].He said that I had started at St Patrick’s and so should finish†¦ For years†¦ he insisted that I had made the wrong decision†¦ because I had not finished what I started. Hora (like Romulus) detests moral shallowness. After an argument between Raimond and Hora about communism, Hora refused to speak to Raimond: 159: He knew that I knew how many millions had perished under communism, for he had often told me. Given that I knew, how could I not care? But how could I claim to care if I treated it all so lightly?If I was now such a morally shallow person, what could he say to me? How could he speak to me of anything that mattered? These questions cut into his heart, for he loved me. For his the pleasure of talking even about trivial matters depended on his knowing t hat the person with whom he was speaking was one whose responses could be trusted to be serious and decent. Romulus does not believe in traditional gender roles, he believes in doing what must be done: 163: The division he knew from his childhood between women’s and men’s work, played little role in his life.He sewed, cooked and baked, teaching Milka how to make strudel with their own pastry, doughnuts and other things. Romulus values compassion, generosity and care†¦ his commitment is almost religious: 165: Compassion went unusually deep in my father. It showed itself all his life in the help he gave those in need and in the pain he visibly felt for their pain. He was literally incapable of not helping someone genuinely in need if he had the means to do so. 165: More often than not my father’s generosity was abused, and although it pained him it did not diminish his impulse to give. 68: He had no interest in doctrine. At the centre of his religious sensibi lity was the idea of a pure heart responsive to those in need. 169: His sense of our deep need for prayer was the expression of his belief that only a life of prayer could enable one to consent to great and protracted misfortune and for that consent to go sufficiently deep to save one from despair. Romulus values European culture: he is in the prison of Anglo society, craving European conviviality: 169: He longed for European society, saying that he felt like a ‘prisoner’ in Australia.He meant that, although he had good neighbours, in Maryborough he had almost no one with whom he could enjoy the generous and open forms of conviviality that characterised European hospitality as he knew it. He complained that one could not just drop in on Australians and talk freely for hours: one had, as he put it, always ‘to make an appointment’. Whereas if you went to a European home, you would generally be offered food and talk, both in generous quantities. Romulus believ es that conversation is humanising: 23: All conversation which meant all living, occurred in the kitchen 73: He believed that it was essential to decent conversation that one not pretend to virtues one did not possess – as essential as being truthful about one’s identity. Only then could conversation be true to its deeper potentialities and do its humanising work or opening up the possibilities of authentic human disclosure. Romulus values a life governed by necessity, and work is the ultimate necessity: 194: Although†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. e and Hora were inclined to believe that depth and real contentmen t were to be found only in a life governed by necessity. Wisdom they believed, lay in consent to that necessity. Superficiality and restlessness were in store for those who fled it. See also: incident with Mikkelsen Delivering groceries by carrying them on his back Miscellaneous: Relationships – or belonging and connectedness to another human being – is destructive. 137: Mitru’s suicide and my father’s madness had convinced me that sexual love was a passion whose force and nature was mysterious, and that anyone that came under its sway should be prepared to be destroyed by it.Its capacity to wreck lives, to humiliate otherwise strong and proud people and to drive them to suicide was already familiar to me. That it should also drive them to murder was part of the same story. Christine: 25: A troubled city girl from Central Europe, she could not settle in a dilapidated farmhouse in a landscape that highlighted her isolation. She longed for company. 31: Desp erately lonely, she was glad of any conversation that came her way. 31: Mikkelsen remembered her vividly†¦ he had the arresting presence of someone who experienced the world with a thoughtful intensity. 103: But for someone like my mother, highly intelligent, deeply sensuous, anarchic and unstable, this emphasis on character, given an Australian accent, provided the wrong conceptual environment for her to find herself and for others to understand her. p. 28: Setting fire to kill snake -> humiliation and ridicule in local paper. p. 29: Redemption by valiant intelligence in saving Mikkelson

Business Ethics – 3 – Ethical and Unethical

An event or decision that could be judged as clearly unethical could be any situation where information discovered in a private business environment could be used for a personal financial gain by the person finding the information. A scenario such as the following is a good example of an ethical issue that may occur frequently in business. The scenario is as follows: a strategic management consultant is hired by a firm to analyze and improve the company’s performance and help amend the procedure for evaluating employee performance.During the course of this analysis they interview several supervisors and employees individually to gather information about the current evaluation process, and understand how employee performance can be improved, as well as investigate whether there are any issues that staff feel they cannot convey to management. During the corporate analysis, the employees mention that they feel they have not been given sufficient credit for developing a new produc t that the company expects will double its profits when it is introduced in the near future.The level of dissatisfaction amongst the staff is at a high level, and they disclose some corporate information to the strategic consultant about potential future earnings and profitability. The general discontent with this situation, and the fact that the employees all feel that the share price will rise, and the profitability of the company will increase, through the sales of this new product, the consultant is left to wonder whether he should buy some of the company’s stock to take advantage of the anticipated boost in earnings.This situation is an example of insider trading, where an individual may be able to make money on a stock transaction by using information gained through some illicit means. This situation has ethical issues due to the fact that the consultant has been hired by the company to perform a duty, and during this process has found some information which may enable them to make extra money.There are not many circumstances where this kind of situation would be ethical, and if this was a situation I found myself in, then I would try to be ethical and to not use the information gained for my personal financial benefit. This scenario does not just have ethical issues to consider, it has legal issues as well, because the act of insider trading is a criminal act of fraud therefore people caught doing this ethically unsound business practice are liable for prosecution for fraud.2. This situation is ethically dubious, due to some of the reasons outlined in part one of this paper, the similarities between the two situations mean that it is not appropriate to act on this information, due to the extra knowledge about whether or not the company is financially and fundamentally strong. However because of a couple of issues in this scenario it may be ethical to purchase stock or to have a conversation about buying stock with friends and family members.The i nformation has come through conversations in the hallways, not from primary sources, and therefore nothing is confirmed as being true, it is mere speculation. The second issue is whether it is ethically sound to discuss business operations with friends and family. Again, because the information has come from a secondary source, which may be classed as gossip, and not hard business facts, mean that a speculative conversation about the business, with friends and family may be ethical. It does not matter if one hundred or one thousand shares are purchased, because the ethical situation is the same.However looking at the facts and the differences between the first scenario and the second, it is possible to say that under the first scenario it is definitely unethical for a third party contractor to discuss or use information for their own personal benefit, but the second scenario may be ethical, due to the issues of reliability of information and the fact that it is an employee of the co mpany acting on speculation and not business facts. However the one crucial element in these two scenarios, is that of human morality, and there are clearly some people in the world who would act on both scenarios, and there are some who wouldn’t.

Overview of French Interrogative Adverbs

Overview of French Interrogative Adverbs Interrogative adverbs are used to ask for specific information or facts. As adverbs, they are invariable, meaning they never change form. The most common French interrogative adverbs are: combien, comment,  oà ¹, pourquoi, and quand.  They can be used to ask questions with est-ce que  or subject-verb  inversion  or to pose indirect questions. And some can be worked into to nimporte (no matter)  expressions. 'Combien (de)' Combien means how many or how much. When its followed by a noun, combien requires the preposition de (of).  For example: Combien de pommes est-ce que tu vas acheter ? How many apples are you going to buy?Combien de temps avez-vous  ? How much time do you have 'Comment' Comment means how and sometimes what. For example: Comment va-t-il  ?   How is he doing?Comment as-tu fait à §a  ?   How did you do that?Comment  ?   What?Je ne vous ai pas entendu.   Ã‚  I didn’t hear you.Comment vous appelez-vous ? What’s your name? 'Oà ¹' Oà ¹Ã‚  means where. For example:   Oà ¹ veux-tu manger  ?   Where do you want to eat?Oà ¹ est-ce qu’elle a trouvà © ce sac  ?   Where did she find this bag? 'Pourquoi ' Pourquoi  means why. For example: Pourquoi à ªtes-vous partis  ?   Why did you leave?Pouquoi est-ce qu’ils sont en retard  ?   Why are they late? 'Quand' Quand means when. For example Quand veux-tu te rà ©veiller  ?   When do you want to wake up?Quand est-ce que Paul va arriver  ?   When is Paul going to arrive? In Questions With "Est-Ce Que" or Inversion All of these interrogative adverbs can be used to ask questions with either est-ce que or subject-verb  inversion. For example: Quand manges-tu  ? / Quand est-ce que tu manges  ?   When do you eat?Combien de livres veut-il  ? / Combien de livres est-ce quil veut  ?   How many books does he want?Oà ¹ habite-t-elle  ? / Oà ¹ est-ce quelle habite  ?   Where does she live? In Posing Indirect Questions They can be useful in indirect questions. For example: Dis-moi quand tu manges.   Tell me when you eat.Je ne sais pas combien de livres il veut.   I dont know how many books he wants.Jai oublià © oà ¹ elle habite.   I  forgot where she lives. With 'N'Importe' Expressions Comment, oà ¹, and quand can be used after nimporte  (no matter) to form indefinite adverbial phrases.  For example: Tu peux manger nimporte quand. You can eat whenever / anytime. And the Literary Why: 'Que' In literature or other formal French, you might see an additional interrogative adverb: que, meaning why. For example: Quavais-tu besoin de lui en parler  ? Why did you have to go and talk to him about it?Olivier et Roland, que nà ªtes-vous ici  ? (Victor Hugo) Olivier and Roland, why arent you here?

Heres how to get that job, even if youre underqualified.

Heres how to get that job, even if youre underqualified. Typical job search wisdom says you shouldn’t send off resumes to jobs you know you just don’t have the qualifications to land. But there are some circumstances, especially in tech, where a job might be just beyond your reach, but still attainable if you know how to work what you have to its full potential. Here are a few strategies to help you craft a job-seeking persona that will help you shoot beyond your experience level. After all, if you’re trying to break into a new field, how is it possible for you to have 3-5 years experience anyway? Try these tips instead of writing off your ideal job as a lost cause.Showcase the skills you do have.You might not tick every box they seek, but it’s possible that you tick some boxes with more gusto than anybody else applying. Play up what you do have, and then take the focus away from their list and make your own list- you might have skills they didn’t realize they needed for their open position. Make a case t hat your unique combination of skills is actually even better suited for the job, and then go on to explain how and why.Focus on your potential.Even if you don’t have a specific knowledge base or set of skills, show you have the desire and potential to learn whatever you’ll need to know. Play up your motivation and drive. Emphasize the speed of your learning curve, and explain how quickly you acquired expertise in something previously. Don’t just tell them you’ll hit the ground running and pick up what you don’t have on the fly. Show them how you’ve done this throughout your career.Fill in your gaps.Use your cover letter to provide context for whatever skills and experience you lack, and as a way of smoothing over the holes they might see in your resume. Make an upbeat, short-but-sweet case for why they ought to give your resume, despite its holes, a second look. Be honest. You’re not a perfect candidate, but you might just be the per fect person for the job.Hold the recruiter’s hand.Don’t just slap down the bare facts of your skills and experience and hope whoever reads your resume is trained to read between the lines and construct your ideal candidacy for you. Connect the dots for them. Synthesize everything into one big picture for them. Make it clear- in your cover letter, on your resume, and in the interview.Stay positive.In your honesty, stay away from negative language like â€Å"I don’t know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I’m not qualified to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"I’ve never done†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Frame things with a bit more optimism, like: â€Å"I’m eager to explore†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I’d love to work on†¦Ã¢â‚¬  etc. Be aware of what you don’t know and don’t have going for you right now, but also make it clear that you are conscious of what you lack and are eager to do what needs to be done to get up to speed.When in doubt, ask.If you’r e on the fence and not sure whether to throw your application into the pile, send a quick email off to the recruiter asking them to clarify what they mean by â€Å"proficiency in _____.† It will save both parties time and energy in the end.Give them what they don’t even realize they want.If you want it badly enough and have the drive and guts to go for it, you’re halfway there. Concentrate on showing your passion and tenacity. The rest, unless you’re way off the requirements mark, can usually be learned on the job with enough work behind the scenes. Show the proper level of excitement, demonstrate how close you are to being their ideal, and let them see just how hard you’ll work to get up to speed.

Siddhartha Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Siddhartha - Essay Example Theoretically, it is a justified and beautiful allegory of man's inner desire for peace and rebirth. It greatly shows the eternal oneness of man with his environment. Calvin (1996) asserted that Siddhartha is the best of Hermann Hesse's outstanding collection of work. De Rossi (1999) described Siddhartha as poetic, vibrant and extremely captivating resulting to a work of pure and inconceivable art. The Indian tale, Siddhartha, is the story of the spiritual awakening of an Indian man born from a wealthy Brahmin family. He was exposed to the extremities of man's wanting made of lust and greed and thus, he decided to leave his family and wealth to gain freedom to do whatever he likes. This stubbornness resulted to a child born out of wedlock. Yet, these material illusions caused by Siddhartha's desire to enjoy life have bored him and out of despair, he came to a river. He then heard a peculiar sound which signaled his enlightenment. This marked a new life for him, a life with inner peace and wisdom, which he never knew he had been wanting for a long time. As a young man blessed with intelligence and charm, he first believed that the true meaning of life was using his assets to live life to the fullest. In his quest for spiritual enlightenment, he wandered, hoping to eventually find what he was looking for. Then, he met a ferryman who was sitting in the shade of a banyan tree, listening to the sound of a river. The ferryman was believed by many natives as a sage but in fact, he was once a wandering shramana and a follower of Gotama, the Buddha. Siddhartha, on the other hand, was not a follower of Buddha. He grew up following his own desires without being enraptured by anyone's sermons but himself. Yet, after a long quest for truth and satisfaction, he later found what he was looking for. The ferryman and the friendships he gained in his quest has greatly helped him search his path. Neither did he found it in material things nor in other person's wealth. He found his true self, uncovered by the light of his own spirit. Overall, the book Siddhartha comprises of a mutual combination of man's angst and selfishness. It teaches life-earned lessons Siddhartha learned himself in his journey for inner peace. It is a superbly written spiritual quest. Theoretically, Siddhartha represents an ordinary man of today born with almost every material gift life has to offer. Yet, in his maturity, he later finds out that an enlightened path of life is not taught nor practiced. It is earned through experience. Hence, one has to experience years of the sorrows and joys of life before he finds what he was really searching for. Since the plot is set on India, it is a moral metaphor of Indian theology. The story, itself, depicts man's mystery of loneliness and discontent. It metaphorically shows how the protagonist goes through the various stages of life in order to gain enlightenment and complete rebirth. The happiness he later earned was the result of the complexities he earned

The Value Proposition of the Volkswagen Company Essay - 1

The Value Proposition of the Volkswagen Company - Essay Example This is the strategic initiative taken by the company Volkswagen to target customers (Global Strategy for Volkswagen, 2010). The company has historically bathe sed the organization on the basis of differentiation as its strategy. They bought the same product in differentiated form for a niche audience. After the global economic crisis, the company has started focusing on cost leadership so that they can provide the customer with the same product at a better price. This is done keeping in mind the economic scenario across the globe. Analysts have considered this to be a move whereby the company will hamper its brand image which is the company’s biggest asset. The management of the company believes they are not playing with the brand image they are just focusing on streamlining some costs so that they can focus the saved money on enhancing brand image and various other promotional activities for the brand Volkswagen (Volkswagen Strategies, n.d.). Brand image is the biggest asset for the company and has created what Volkswagen is today. For any normal car buyer, Volkswagen is not into the consideration state. The company’s biggest strength is its brand image which has created by forming an emotional bonding with the youth of the world. Customers of Volkswagen are brand loyal because of the perceived image of the brand. It is the emotional bonding and association with the brand which results in repeat sales from the customers. This is why relationship marketing becomes so important for Volkswagen. The whole framework of the company is based on relationship marketing (Alkhafaji, 1995). Right Relationship with right Customers-Brand Image The objective at Volkswagen has always been on having the right relationship with the right customer segment.

Analysis of the Film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Essay

Analysis of the Film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind - Essay Example After a fight, during which Clementine tells him of Lacuna, and how she has had her memory erased, he is so angry that he sets this operation up for himself. Joel then takes the audience back and forth as the memories are erased, realizing that he does love her and trying to save his memories by hiding them amongst those of his childhood. Clementine supports him, trying to help him escape. When this is unsuccessful, he awakes from the operation and feels he has to go to Montauk, where they first met. Strangely, she is there searching for him. Joel could be described as a sensitive, introverted man, with some judgemental aspects to his character, but he wants to be understood and fears betrayal. In contrast, Clementine is outgoing, wants fun and enjoyment, is excitable and impulsive, yet she seeks the security of being loved for herself, and her overriding fear is of being judged. With such a combination, it would seem there is no hope for them. At this meeting, though they do not remember each other, they fall in love again.

The Core Business Functions Of Food Chain Commerce Essay

The Core Business Functions Of Food Chain Commerce Essay FOOD CHAIN Supermarket established thirty years back has a chain of Supermarkets around the Island and is owned by a group of businessmen. One objective presently is to increase the member of supermarkets from fifty that exists now to eighty in another two years. The business is very stable and has a strong brand name. The prices and very competitive and has budgeted the middle income group customers in the society. The customers are intelligent and are sensitive to the changes in quality and price and compare the prices with the other supermarkets. Bearing this in mind the quality has to be maintained with very competitive prices and not lose sight of the profits targeted. Market share is something mainly associated to profitability and many businesses do increase the sales to competitors. FOOD CHAIN is no exception and is in the process of increasing sales by opening more outlets to customers, thereby earning more. FOOD CHAIN has a great reputation for their services offered by their efficient staff and would not want anytime to lose their reputation. Resultantly they have to see that sales grow and customer service is maintained at a high level. Towards this the Top Management intends to create an attractive difference towards the customers shopping at FOOD CHAIN Supermarkets. They want to introduce trends such as new stores formats, online shopping, that is to make available on line ordering. FOOD CHAINs website has the prices of the products marketed by their supermarkets and is being updated regularly which could be a boon to the customers. It is also ewisaged to link the presently available network that links all their branches through the internet to all their Supermarkets Island wide to facilitate online shopping and delivery of orders. At the same time the management is also concerned about keeping an eye on the returns the business makes with resources available. To ascertain this, the Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) is made use of. This is given as a percentage of operating profit against capital employed and higher the percentage figure the better it is. This could be compared with the previsions years results to find out if there is use or fall. FOOD CHAINs next object is to collaborate with Sri Lankan shops in other countries as a source to market their goods. This is viewed as a global approach. They also plan to link with vegetable wholesalers from Dambulla and vegetable and fruit farmers scattered all over the island to enable export these local products to revamp the economy of the country. FOOD CHAIN wishes to put in place a system to monitor the trends of the off line and online customers to provide them with a better service in line with their buying to trends. They want to have a more nationalistic outlook to make customers buy Sri Lankan Products while carrying out an aggressive marketing of campaign to attract more and more new customers and make a national contribution. Task 1.3 PESTLE is an analytical tool which considers external factors and helps you to think about their impacts. This is a useful tool for understanding the big picture of the environment in which you are operating by understanding your environment, you can take advantage of the opportunities and minimize the threats. This provides the context within which more detailed planning can take place to take full advantage of the opportunities that present themselves. The factors of PESTLE analysis P Political The present and stalwart influences from political sufferings E Economic The local and world economic movements S Sociological The way in which changes are in society will affect the organization T Technological How new technologies affect the organization L Legal How global, national and local legislation affects this organization E Environmental Environmental issues of national, local and global   Political: Government type and reputation Free of the press, rules of law and stages of bureaucracy and corruption Regulation and de-regulations Public and employment legislation Tax policies and trade Environmental and customer-protection legal system Alterations in the political environment Economic: Stages of a business development cycle Present and projected economic grown and interest rates Unemployment and supplying of labour Labour costs Levels of disposable earn and earning distribution Impact of globalization Impact of technological and other changes on the current economy Sociological: Cultural features, health senses, population growing rate, age distribution, Organizational culture, postures to work, management types, staff attitudes Occupations, education, living standards earning capacity. Media views, policy changes drive to social factors, trends and publicity Demographics: age, civil status, gender, family size, race Technological: Advancing of technology, discovering of technological developments, researches funding, implementation Internet, global and local communications, information technology Licensing, patents, finding of technology solutions, inventions, researches, intellectual property issues, implementation in manufacturing, potential innovation, Transportation, energy sources, associated dependent technologies, rates of obsolescence, waste removal or recycling Legal: Present local market legislation and future legislation International legislation Regulatory bodies and processes Environmental rules and regulations, employment law, customer protection Industrial regulations, competitive regulations Environmental: Ecological problems Environmental problems and environmental regulations Consumer values, market values, values of stakeholder and investor Management type, staff attitudes, organizational procedures, staff engagements FOOD CHAIN is a well-known and well established supermarket chain which has 50 super markets in island-wide. FOOD CHAIN is currently island-wide food discounter which aimed middle income group in the society. The PESTEL analysis is concerned with the environmental influences round up a business. We will recognize influences of the PESTEL analysis and how it is useful for summarizing the exterior environment in which FOOD CHAIN operates. Somehow, it must be followed up by thinking of how a business should respond to these influences. There are many key strategy moves that FOOD CHAIN made to activate their strategy to be successful. The main point in the success of FOOD CHAINs strategy is the corporate culture they have imbedded into this company, which flows from the top level management to their shop employees; it has greatly supported their resort. It has been entrusted the company to be flexible and also responsible to the market, so it holds its competitive edge. This imbedded procedure is illustrated by their employee which deploys shop employees to come with new ideas for new lines. Their skills and abilities to build up teams and give to the company procedure has enabled the company to adapt. Another main point in their strategy is that the path of the company is structured. Their simple structure allows communicate within the company to extract much speed and more efficient rather than a complicated structure. With the company target on staff training, with the super market being motivated to be on the shop for 95% of time, it certify a good leadership creates a good team with much better, sensitive and willing to work long hours. PESTEL analysis for FOOD CHAIN must consider every important exterior factors impacting on the company. These factors may have economic, political, sociological, legal or technological, environmental dimensions. FOOD CHAIN always keeping in touch about the political situation in the country and the impacts of local government and also the international situation. Because their Economic analysis needs to investigate the situation of the stock market and tax increases, among many other matters.   Task 1.4 The concept of stakeholder is a diverse of stockholder, which related to owners in or investors in a business or firm. We can define stakeholders as groups and individuals who are affected by activities of an organization. Most important stakeholders can be found as those with more to lose from the organizations activities, but that does not always reflect their relative powers. Their objectives and goals are very immensely, but they must be considered. Previously it had been the common concept that businesses basically expect and in turn effect the economic capital, which is turn up in the form of stockholders. The rise to reputation of stakeholders allow firms to realize that there are infrastructure and people beyond the company which are need to it and who must have their attentions protected. An organizations stakeholders are the parties who are able to reasonably be understood to be affected by its verdicts. They can be considered to represent the businesses social capital as well as economy. Mainly they can be categorized into two groups as Internal, External and Connected Stakeholders. Internal stakeholders included with managers and employees and are situated within the company and affect to the day-to-day operations of organization. Connected stakeholders are covering groups such as suppliers, shareholders and customers, and also are parties which investing or dealing with the organization. Third group is External stakeholders, which are not directly connected to the organization but who can be influenced of the organization through various manners. External stakeholders include with the Government, local councils and the surrounding communities. The stake holders of FOOD CHAIN can be categorized as sane way. First the internal stake holders. Like directors, Managers and Employees who are directly involved and the connected stake holders such as share holders, customers and suppliers with the realization of the objectives and the increase in turnover and profits the benefits will drain down to all stake holders by way of increase in salaries bonuses to the employees, profits to the share holders, better payments to suppliers and better prices to the customers. FOOD CHAIN subscribes to the stakeholder concept highly trying to see that its internal stakeholders obtain their objectives while keeping other stakeholders also satisfied. The management of FOOD CHAIN trying to create the classic win-win situation for all stakeholders. One of the main tasks of management is to find solutions that will worthy achieve the goals of every stakeholders. FOOD CHAIN is beginning to develop procedures for linking stakeholder concern to the strategies they understood. In order to implement a stakeholder management achievement, organization needs to do many things as including the followings Identifying the FOOD CHAINs stakeholders Decide what are primary, indirect and secondary as well as actually which stakes each group holds in their organization Establish what sort of responsibilities the organization has to each stakeholder group Identifying any impacts between stakeholder criterias Decide how this organization is able to better respond strategically to these opportunities and threats inherent in the stakeholder claims FOOD CHAIN mainly considering about the rights and interests of stakeholders are very important, as they are objects to which the different ethical theory and framework is applied. However a large part of the ethics is deciding what is purposely owed to which one, recognizing stakeholders and claims of them is similar to establishing the interests in any legal case. FOOD CHAIN expects to expand their 50 supermarkets to 80 supermarkets, so stakeholders are the major part of this scenario. To go through this challenge they have to concentrate about their stakeholders very carefully.

Television Advertisement Essay -- Communication, Media

Television can be used to demonstrate the product in action, or to use colour and sound to build an atmosphere around the product, thus enhancing its image (Fahy & Jobber, 2006). The emphasis for this thesis will be television advertisements, because of the many elements of television, sound, colour, sight and motion that aid the presentation of the message. Also the fact that Brassington and Pettitt (2000) argue that television is better for creating an advertisement message with emotional appeals, contributes to our concentration to television advertisements. The degree of television advertisement standardization/adaptation at the international level refers mainly to the manipulation by the manager of the promotional mix elements (Bradley & Sousa, 2005). Supporters of standardization say a trend is sweeping both marketing and advertising – the movement to create products that are manufactured, packaged and promoted the same way around the world, regardless of individual cult ures (Mueller, 1989). According to Bradley & Sousa (2005) higher degree of adaptation is encouraged when the manager perceives great differences, in the economic environment and life styles between the home and foreign country. On the one hand, those who support the global standardization approach argue that a single television advertisement should be used in international markets to reduce total costs and promote a global corporate image. On the other hand, those who support the internationalization school of thought see the need for marketing adaptation to fit the unique dimensions of each local market. (Vrontis, 2003). Countries differ widely in the availability, quality, coverage, audience, and cost of advertising media (Root, 1994). According to Laroche ... ... Paek (2007) observed that domestic brands were more likely than multinational brands to use localized Latin music and lyrics in the Dominican Republic. Visual elements Colour is an essential part of products, logos and advertising, and can be an effective means of creating and sustaining brand and corporate images in customers’ minds. Colours are known to possess emotional and psychological properties. The meanings associated with different colours are important to marketers when developing advertisements, because results have demonstrated that people of different cultures have various preferences for colour. It is important for marketers to understand which colours that people prefer. Consequently, managers must acknowledge that the meanings associated with some colours may be pan-cultural, regional, or unique to a given culture. (Hewett, Madden & Roth, 1999)

Machiavelli and Odysseus

Power and Leadership The Connection of Power and Leadership between The Odyssey and The Prince Research Assignment Stories in Diverse Media LAPS/HUMA 1780 Prepared for: Dr. Gillian Helfield Mr. Julian Manyoni Prepared by: Samuel James Ysip 212-697-983 Power and Leadership Power and leadership play a big role in accomplishing the objectives of a team. A person having these two attributes can direct a group of people towards achieving their common goal. These two components of authority are also essential to each other in order for the leader to be successful.Power is a person’s ability to influence others and leadership is a person’s talent to guide a group of people to achieve their common goal. A person that has power but without the capacity to make the right decisions for the team will definitely fail to lead a team to their goal and a person without the influence on others but with the talent to lead a team will sure not be able to implement the qualities of a great leader to a group. Homer’s The Odyssey and Machiavelli’s The Prince are two books that both contain themes about power and leadership.Homer’s The Odyssey contains information about Odysseus’ leadership capabilities during his journey home to Ithaca and how he reacted on different situations that involve critical leadership decisions. It also contains the status of his leadership in his homeland and what kind of monarchy he has. On the other hand, Machiavelli’s The Prince gives out information and guidelines on what a Machiavellian leader should be and how he should react in different kinds of situations. It also contains different theories on how the structure of a monarchy affects a ing’s superiority in his own kingdom. Throughout Odysseus’ journey, he made questionable decisions that contradict the teachings of Machiavelli. By not following the guidelines of Machiavelli on leadership and power management, as a result, Odysseus fail ed to lead his team safely back to Ithaca. Through Machiavelli’s theory, on could also argue that because of the structure of Odysseus’ kingdom in Ithaca, it resulted to the noble men in Achaea to take advantage of his absence, thus resulting to the exploitation of his land.The disobedience of Odysseus’ crew members to his orders resulting to their death, the act of contempt of Eurylochus against Odysseus and the effects of political structure in Ithaca to Odysseus’ supremacy as king are the three factors that constitute the power and leadership issues in The Odyssey which are connectedly criticized and discussed through the guidelines and theories of Machiavelli in The Prince. The disobedience of Odysseus crew members to his order of not eating the cattle of Helios which resulted to their death is the outcome of Odysseus’ failure to apply the teaching of Machiavelli about being compassionate or cruel.In chapter seventeen of The Prince, Machiavelli stated that, â€Å"A ruler mustn’t worry about being labelled cruel when it’s a question of keeping his subjects loyal and united . . . he will prove more compassionate than the leader whose excessive compassion leads to public disorder, muggings and murder. † (65). Odysseus’ compassion towards Eurylochus; a high ranking crew member that insults him and constantly tries to lure Odysseus’ crew members to disobey his orders, resulted to the death of the crew members and further delayed his return to Ithaca.Eurylochus’ exploitations in the story began to develop when they arrived at the island of Aeaea. Eurylochus disagreed with Odysseus’ decision to go back to Circes palace to have his men rest after a long travel. He then insulted Odysseus by saying, â€Å"So too it happened with the Cyclops, when our companions went into his yard, and the bold Odysseus was of their company; for it was by this man’s recklessness that these too perished. † (10. 435-438). These two incidents alone have enough grounds for Odysseus to take actions on Eurylochus’ obvious disregard of his authority.Odysseus considered killing him by taking his head off but he realized that he is related to Eurylochus by marriage and his men were also able to stop him by pleading to him. This confrontation is an evidence of Odysseus showing incorrect compassion towards Eurylochus. Although Odysseus showed a sign of disappointment, he never really punished him which led to more disobedience by Eurylochus. It also showed that he considers his men’s view of his actions. His actions confirmed that he would rather show compassion than cruelty by being stopped by his men from killing Eurylochus through their pleading.By not taking the necessary actions on Eurylochus’ behaviour, he was able to persuade Odysseus to land on the island of Thrinakia where Helios keeps his cattle despite Circes advice to stay away from Heliosâ₠¬â„¢ belongings. When they landed on the Island where the cattle are, Eurylochus again stirred up trouble by persuading the crew members that it’s fine to eat the cattle of Helios while Odysseus was asleep. Eurylochus said, â€Å". . . hunger is the sorriest way to die and encounter fate . . . let us cut out the best of Helios cattle and sacrifice them to the immortals who hold wide heaven . . . nd if we ever come back to Ithaca . . . we will build a rich temple to the Sun God Helios. † (12. 342-346). This final incident that Eurylochus was able stir up became the main reason of the crew members’ death and also Eurylochus. Odysseus should have made the right decision of eliminating Eurylochus when he first started to disregard his superiority on the Island of Aeaea. Odysseus also showed a sign weakness in his leadership when Eurylochus was able to persuade him to land on an island where the temptations are apparent despite the group and Eurylochus’ consta nt disobedience and the crew’s inability to avoid temptation.In the book Machiavelli on Modern Leadership, Michael A. Leeden stated that â€Å"Without fear of punishment, men will not obey laws that force them to act contrary to their passions. † (115). Odysseus’ lack of implementing punishment to his subjects made his crew men, particularly Eurylochus, more attracted to temptations and more convenient of violating not only Odysseus’ orders but also the gods’. Leeden also stated in his book that â€Å"to be an effective leader, the most prudent method is to ensure that your people are afraid of you.To instill that fear, you must demonstrate that those who attack you will not survive. † (126). This statement criticises Odysseus response to Eurylochus’ disobedience. Eurylochus challenged and ridiculed Odysseus’ leadership and authority during their stay on the island of Aeaea. He also questioned Odysseus decision of not wanting t o land on the island of Thrinakia although he was able to persuade him anyway. Odysseus failed to respond with effective force on these incidents which resulted to more disobedience. The system of uthority that Odysseus implemented over his subjects during their journey resulted to his men’s downfall and also his. By not applying the teachings of Machiavelli on how a leader should use power to appropriately perform cruelness or compassion to achieve a better and more disciplined kingdom, Odysseus showed unnecessary compassion to the wrong person; a sign of a weak leadership, thus resulting to the death of his whole crew and further delayed his return to Ithaca. Odysseus’ leadership flaws do not stop on his lack of control over his subjects.He also made terrible judgements that led to the death of some of his companions that consequently resulted to the lost of their trust to his leadership. Because of these bad decisions, Eurylochus; Odysseus’ second in command, found the courage to challenge his leadership. In The Prince, Machiavelli stated that, â€Å". . . when there is no threat from outside, a ruler must take care that his subjects don’t start conspiring against him. He can guard against this by making sure he isn’t hated or despised and that people are happy with him† (73).One reason of Eurylochus’ voice of displeasure with Odysseus’ leadership is because of Odysseus’ foolishness and stubbornness. On the Island of Cyclopes before Odysseus took his men to the cave, he stated that â€Å"my proud heart had an idea that presently I would encounter a man who was endowed with great strength, and wild, with no true knowledge of laws or any good customs. † (9. 213-215). On their way to the Cyclops’ cave, Odysseus knew himself that danger is on their way yet he still made careless decisions when they get there.Instead of quickly taking all the things they needed inside the cave and despi te his men’s persuasions, he still decided to wait for Polyphemus to arrive because he personally wanted to try his luck if the Cyclops would actually welcome them inside. Odysseus stated that â€Å"From the start my companions spoke to me and begged me to take some of the cheeses, come back again, and the next time to drive the lambs and kids from their pens, . . . but I would not listen to them . . . not until I could see him, see if he would give me presents. † (9. 224-229).The fact that Odysseus is a known tactician, one could argue that his companions’ simple strategy is far much better than Odysseus naive idea of trying his luck with the Cyclops. Although Odysseus’ cunnings got him out of the cave after getting trapped, the consequences of his foolish curiosity in regard to the death of his comrades and the lost of trust of his comrades, outweigh the benefits of his cunnings. Odysseus stubbornness and foolishness led to the death of six of his men a nd this gave Eurylochus one of the reasons to go against his authority.The incident on their way out of Island of the Cyclopes also added fuel to the fire when Odysseus provoked Polyphemus by shouting to him. His crew members yet again pleaded to him, â€Å"Hard one, why are you trying once more to stir up this savage man . . . † (9. 494-495). They also mentioned that because of Odysseus’ provocative actions, the Cyclops threw big rocks at them and led the ship back to the shore and almost got them caught and get killed. This declaration by his crew members is a sign of their disappointment with Odysseus’ leadership.It shows that they are concerned with how Odysseus constantly putting them in harm’s way by being out of control. Another sign of their dissatisfaction is when the notion of unfairness came into their minds when they foolishly opened the bag of wind that sent them back to Aiolian Island. His companions stated that Odysseus â€Å"is bringing h ome with him handsome treasures . . . while we, who have gone through everything he has on the same venture, come home with our hands empty. † (10. 40-43).This action by the crew members shows a symptom of mutiny against a leader that is supposed be trusted and respected by his subjects. It also signifies that Odysseus has lost his connection with his crew men and they don’t see him anymore as one of them. In an article by Elihu Rose, he claimed that â€Å"Mutiny begins with grievances over some existing or threatened condition. The question then may be posed as to whether those grievances, legitimate or not, were ultimately addressed and, if so, to what degree . . . † (572).This statement supports the idea that mutiny is indeed the result of lack of acknowledgement by the people who are responsible to address the internal issues of an organization. It applies to Odysseus’ constant disregard of his crew members’ pleadings which resulted to him putti ng his crew members into situations that they didn’t wish to go through. According to Machiavelli, â€Å". . . one of the most powerful preventive measures against conspiracies is simply not being hated by majority of people. People planning a conspiracy must believe that killing the ruler will be popular . . † Eurylochus knew the disappointment of the crew members on Odysseus’ leadership. This gave him the further courage to voice out his displeasure on Odysseus’ authority knowing that the crew members also have an issue with the way Odysseus handled situations. It also gave him the courage and the capability to persuade the crew members to disobey Odysseus’ orders of not eating the cattle of Helios. Machiavelli’s advice to a king of keeping his subjects satisfied or simply not despise him to avoid contempt or mutiny certainly didn’t apply to Odysseus leadership.The stubbornness of Odysseus along with his inability to create a cohesi ve relationship among his crew resulted into disappointment inside his circle which paved the way for Eurylochus to contempt against his authority. Lastly, the capability of the noble men to threaten his throne and exploit his belongings could be argued as the result of the political structure of Odysseus’ kingdom. Chapter four of The Prince discusses the advantages of appointing ministers and the disadvantages of a kingdom with nobles.Machiavelli stated that, â€Å"These barons have their own lands and their own subjects who recognize the barons as their masters and are naturally loyal to them. Where a state is governed by a king and his ministers the king is more powerful since he is the only person in the state whom people recognize as superior. When they obey someone else it is only because he is minister or official and they have no special loyalty to him† (16). In other words, Machiavelli suggests that because the nobles have their own power inside a king’ s monarchy, they’re more likely to disobey or be mutinous against a king’s authority.On the other hand, a monarchy that has ministers instead of barons, gives the king the security of not having any defiance against his superiority. In The Odyssey, Achaea is a land filled nobles. It is known in the story that Odysseus did not appoint any ministers or any sort of authority to secure his throne in Ithaca from any threats while he is gone to war. This signifies that his power over the people of Ithaca is not absolute or in other words, the foundation of his power is fragile once a certain threat to his power comes in.In The Prince, Machiavelli claimed that the nobles are more likely to be corrupted by foreign forces because they are hard to please and are always eager for a change in leadership. This suggests that even if Odysseus came back to Ithaca on time, his authority is not secured from any internal or external forces (e. g. the nobles or other kings) that wanted to challenge it and much more worst if he actually have died in the war. In The Odyssey, Telemachus stated that, â€Å"It is not bad to be a king . . . in fact there are many other Achaian princes, young and old, in sea girt Ithaca, any of who might hold this position, now hat the great Odysseus has perished. † (1. 393-396). This statement by Telemachus; son of Odysseus, is a confirmation that Odysseus throne is in fact open for any internal or external forces (i. e. suitors Inside or outside of Ithaca) to occupy without any prohibition. According to Machiavelli, â€Å". . . there will always be barons ready to assume authority when circumstances swing their way . . . † (18). Odysseus’ absence in Ithaca and the inexistence of authority gave the noblemen the chance to do whatever they want in his land, consequently giving the noble men their chance to finally occupy his throne.An example of this is the persistence of the Achaean noble men to take his throne by marr ying his wife; Penelope, despite her obvious intension of not wanting to marry. Another result of lack of authority in Ithaca is the constant abuse of his property in the hands of the noble men by uncontrollably devouring his livestock and wine. Although Telemachus tried to appeal to the suitors by holding an assembly with all the suitors and the Achean elders, it was not enough to get the suitors out of his land. Telemachus stated that â€Å"We have no man here such as Odysseus was, to drive this curse from the household.We ourselves are not the men to do it . . . not men well seasoned in battle. † (2. 58-61). Although Telemachus has the right to be aggravated with the suitors’ spoilage of his belongings, there is no authority or power in his kingdom beyond his capability that could demand the suitors out of his land. Without Odysseus, the noblemen hold the power on the land and are pretty much entitled to enforce their own rules. In the book Greek Political Thought b y Ryan Balot, he stated that, â€Å"Odysseus was like a father to his people who protected them from foreign enemies, from less restrained aristocrats . . When Odysseus left Ithaca, everything went downhill, because of the greed and hubris of wealthy well-born men without a sense of decency . . . Meanwhile, the political community could exert some – though not enough – pressure on these aristocrats to amend their behaviour. . . as long as Odysseus was gone, those who would normally have been in charge were left with pious hopes that the gods would rescue them. Therefore . . . the well being of Ithaca depended on Odysseus return and his forcible reassertion of his power. † (32).This statement by Balot supports the argument that the inexistence of ministers who play as the second in command of the king makes the monarchy vulnerable not only from the nobles but also from external threats. Without the authority of appointed ministers who play as the second in comman d of the king, it makes the noble suitors subsequent to Odysseus in the hierarchy of power in Ithaca. With the little gap between the powers of a king and noblemen, it makes it easier for the noblemen to enforce their authority in a kingdom when the power of a king is inexistent.Balot’s view of the situation in Ithaca also supports the idea that Odysseus’ authority in his kingdom is not supreme amongst all the people under his authority and it is just a matter of chance before the noblemen defy him. Machiavelli’s theory about the advantages of ministers and the disadvantages of having noblemen in a monarchy certainly applies to the structure of Odysseus’ monarchy. With the kind of monarchy that Ithaca has, Odysseus’ superiority in his land is undeniably vulnerable from the defiance of the ambitious and opportunistic noblemen.The inexistence of legitimate authorities like the ministers who play as the second in command of the king to provide governa nce all over the land and also as the king’s safeguard from any mutiny makes the supremacy of Odysseus as a king of Ithaca questionable. A leader’s utilization of both power and leadership is the sole reason for an organization to succeed or fail. A leader that lacks either one of these elements is most likely to fail on directing a group to achieve the group’s common objective including the leader’s own personal goal.The issues of power and leadership throughout Odysseus journey in The Odyssey are linked to the ideologies and guidelines of Machiavelli’s The Prince on how a king can efficiently apply his power and leadership to maintain a well-organized and successful monarchy and what kinds of circumstances can affect a king’s supremacy to his own kingdom. Throughout Odysseus journey, he showed manners of leadership that contradicted the guidelines of Machiavelli of how a king should react in different situations that involve a critical lea dership decisions.Odysseus’ too much compassion towards his crew members contradicts the advice of Machiavelli on why it is better for the leader to be feared than loved. His inappropriate compassion towards his crew members led to their rebellion against his authority which consequently led to their own destruction. Odysseus perhaps wanted to be viewed as a compassionate leader, therefore loved by his people, instead of being viewed as a cruel but effective dictator. But according to Leeden â€Å"Indeed, if you are feared, your followers will always find reasons to love you. †(128).Odysseus recklessness also resulted to the contempt of his second in command, Eurylochus. Machiavelli stated that a king should have the characteristics of both fox and lion to avoid traps and scare out enemies. Although there is no doubt that Odysseus is a courageous warrior and at the same time cunning, he showed at times that he only utilizes the qualities of a lion but lacks or disregar ds the qualities of a fox, thus resulting to his crew members frustration of his actions. An example is when he courageously waited for Polyphemus despite knowing the fact that he’s an unlawful monster.Machiavelli stated that those kings that only rely on qualities of a lion have no idea what they’re doing. The structure of Odysseus’ monarchy is also discussed in Machiavelli’s The Prince. Machiavelli’s view on why a king is better off with a monarchy with appointed ministers than a monarchy with ruling noblemen can certainly be applied to the struggle of power in his land, Ithaca. The situation in Ithaca proves that Machiavelli’s view on the importance of ministers and the disadvantages of having noble family in a monarchy is accurate.These issues of power and leadership in The Odyssey created the consequences that plagued Odysseus, his crewmen and his wife and son throughout the story. The rebellion of his crewmembers is the result of Odyss eus’ failure to apply an efficient leadership along with his power, consequently resulting to his authority over his men to diminish as well. The effect of the political structure to Odysseus’ supremacy in Ithaca is unchangeable, thus making him an inevitable victim of an unavoidable circumstance.However, If Odysseus followed the guidelines of Machiavelli on how an ideal king should lead, Odysseus could have saved some of his crew members and achieved their ultimate common goal and that is returning to Ithaca safe and sound. Bibliography Balot, Ryan. Greek Political Thought. Blackwell Publishing, 2006. 32. Print. This text contains a thorough history of ancient Greek political thought. It examines different kinds of ancient text (e. g. The Odyssey) in order to clearly demonstrate the political thought and structure of ancient Greece during its time. It also studies the connection between politics and ethics in ancient Greece.Part of this text studies the tendencies of the noblemen to revolt against a ruler. Balot stated that the aristocrats often sought for political connection outside a king’s monarchy to gain additional political connection that could possibly help them attack their own government. It also contains Balot’s view of the situation in Ithaca when Odysseus power is inexistent. Balot stated that Odysseus existence as a king is the only thing that hinders the â€Å"less-restrained† aristocrats from doing what they wish to do in his land. Homer. The Odyssey of Homer. Trans. Richmond Lattimore.New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. , 1967. Print. The poem The Odyssey tells the story of Odysseus’ journey back to his kingdom after the Trojan War. It describes the trials and the consequences that Odysseus had to go through trough out his journey. This text relates to my essay about â€Å"Power and Leadership† because it exhibits Odysseus’ leadership capabilities on different kinds of situations ( e. g. Odysseus leadership in the island of the Cyclops) throughout his travel. This text is relevant to my argument because it contains incidents that required Odysseus to make leadership decisions.An example of these incidents is when he decided to wait for the Cyclops despite his crew members’ request of leaving the cave. By using these incidents in The Odyssey, it will help me apply the guidelines of Machiavelli on how a king should respond in different kinds of situations that required critical leadership decisions. Ledeen, Michael. Machiavelli on Modern Leadership. New York: Truman Talley Books and St. Martin's Griffin, 1999. 112-149. Print. This book studies the lessons of Machiavelli on leadership and how they can be applied to modern politics. Michael A.Ledeen’s personal view on the importance of Machiavellian leadership will be used as a tool to back up my claims on why the consequences that Odysseus suffered throughout his journey were the results of his lead ership decisions that contradicted the guidelines of Machiavelli. In one case in the book that indicates the importance of inserting fear in the people under one’s leadership, Leeden uses George Washington as an example by illustrating how the former U. S. president used his army to control the citizens who were against the idea of paying excise tax on their liquor.Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Trans. Tim Parks. Great Britain: Penguin Books Ltd, 2009. Print. This book by Machiavelli instructs the readers of the guidelines of how a â€Å"Prince† should lead and overcome adversaries or conflicts the Machiavellian way. It relates to my topic of â€Å"Power and Leadership† because it contains ideologies of how leaders should react or demonstrate power when threatened by internal or foreign forces. This text also discusses different circumstances that could affect a king’s superiority in his kingdom.The effect of the political structure of a king’s kingdom is an example of the topics that are discussed in this text that could be applied to the circumstance of Odysseus kingdom, Ithaca. This text will be the basis of my judgement on the rights and wrongs of Odysseus’ leadership. It will also be the basis of my evaluation on what Odysseus should have and should have not done on different situations throughout his travel. Rose, Elihu. â€Å"The Anatomy of Mutiny. † Sage. (1982): 572. Web. 25 Mar. 2013. ;http://afs. sagepub. com/content/8/4/561. full. pdf;. This article by Rose studies the reasons of mutiny in the military.It also explains the different kinds of mutinies, how the process of mutiny starts and how to end it. It also contains examples of passed mutinies from sixteenth century French monarchy. This article is essential to the argument of why Odysseus’ inappropriate actions in the land of the Cyclopes have made his crewmen disappointed which led to the act of contempt of Eurylochus against him. Its explanation of how mutiny starts supports the argument that Odysseus’ action against the will of his crewmen is the primary reason why his subordinates rebel against his authority in their journey.